03 julio 2018

Las feministas de los años 20


De repente, Dios sabe por qué, a la ficción española le ha dado por la década de 1920. En su momento ya estuvo "La señora" con sus indianos que volvían de América, y su historia de amor imposible entre clases sociales diferentes, y en los últimos años han ido proliferando las series que utilizan esa década como un espejo en el que reflejar la situación de la mujer actual. En los años 20, la Primera Guerra Mundial había contribuido a cambiar ligeramente la posición de algunas mujeres a las que se les abría el mercado laboral (aunque fuera tímidamente), que tenían la opción de divertirse  y se veían liberadas de la tiranía del corsé. Las mujeres de clase-media alta descubrieron que era importante hacerse valer, anteponer a veces su bienestar individual a lo que la sociedad aún pedía de ellas, y entre flappers y sufragistas, en España aparecieron voces como la de María de Maeztu, que abogaba por facilitar el acceso a la educación de las niñas y por fomentar que las que quisieran pudieran continuar estudiando.

Es una década de cambios (cortados en parte en cuanto llegó la crisis económica de 1929 y, posteriormente, la Segunda Guerra Mundial) y, por lo tanto, muy golosa para ambientar allí ficciones. Lo curioso es que, en apenas dos años, hemos tenido "Las chicas del cable" (sobre cuatro telefonistas en el Madrid de 1928), "Tiempos de guerra" (sobre enfermeras en la guerra de África en 1921) y "La otra mirada" (sobre una escuela femenina en Sevilla en 1920), y falta por estrenarse "El Continental", centrada en un cabaré por el que pasan personajes de todo pelaje. Las cuatro coinciden en el protagonismo femenino y, especialmente, la serie de Netflix y la de La 1, sobre todo porque las dos enarbolan muy directamente la bandera del feminismo.

"Las chicas del cable" y "La otra mirada" buscan establecer paralelismos entre aquella década y la actualidad, entre las constricciones que las mujeres sufrían entonces y las de ahora, que no son tan diferentes. Para ello, descartan cualquier sutileza para hacer llegar su mensaje y optan por el camino más directo: una voz en off que constata que las mujeres tenían vetadas muchas cosas en los años 20, en un caso, y conversaciones entre los diferentes personajes que exponen esas situaciones, en el otro. Ambas pueden estar contando esas historias con una mirada claramente del siglo XXI, pero funciona mejor en una de ellas, quizás porque la excusa de la escuela y de las adolescentes a las que se está enseñando permite mejor esa estrategia.

"La otra mirada" tiene más claro desde el principio lo que es y lo que quiere hacer llegar al espectador. Su propósito es tocar temas actuales desde la coartada que da la época (hay un juicio por violación que recuerda inevitablemente a muchos recientes y muy mediáticos) y nunca pide disculpas por ello. Sus cuatro protagonistas principales (unas Macarena García, Patricia López Arnaiz, Cecilia Freire y Ana Wagener que se complementan perfectamente) tienen cada una conflictos bien definidos y hasta se acaba desarrollando poco a poco a las estudiantes.

"Las chicas del cable", por su parte, tiene más dificultades para encontrar su tono y su entidad. La mezcla de historias de amor y de misterio funciona a ratos y a veces da la sensación de que Blanca Suárez, Maggie Civantos, Nadia de Santiago y Ana Fernández están desaprovechadas. Y la obviedad de su mensaje es un poco más molesta. No necesita una voz en off para que quede claro lo que estamos viendo.

Y, por otro lado, "La otra mirada" cuenta con el punto extra de una impresionante banda sonora de Fernando Velázquez, de las que hace tiempo que no se escuchan en la televisión española.

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Increíble artículo. Me encanta todo este tipo de romanticismo, de realidad... La realidad de que el feminismo está en esas madres, en esas frases de bodas... Que rompen estereotipos . Y no el feminismo que hoy tenemos. Un artículo que sin duda alguna compartiré.

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